Online style guide
- p's and q's
do need apostrophes if in lower case, but not if in caps (Ps and Qs)
- paean
song of praise
- paederast
- paediatrician, paediatrics
- paedophile, paedophilia
- paella
- pageantry
- paintings and sculptures
and other works of art ... titles should appear in italics
See: italics- palaeolithic, palaeontology
- Palaeozoic
- palate, palette
palate is taste, or the roof of your mouth ... palette is a range of colours or a painter's board
- Palme d'Or
(Cannes film festival)
- Panadol
proprietary name is capitalised, but generic name, paracetamol is not
- paparazzi (plural) paparazzo (singular)
James Fawcett is the Australian paparazzo who faced legal action. He's part of the paparazzi.
- parallel construction
...there's still a split among historians about whether he was a hero or villain... It should be either 'a hero or a villain' or just 'hero or villain'
- parallel, paralleled, paralleling
- participle
is a word formed from a verb: having, been, going, gone. A participle can cause problems when left to 'dangle'
See: dangling participles- party
Labor party, Liberal party ... no need to capitalise party
- passed
by on the other side
- passer-by, passers-by
- past
that's in the past
- past, passed
the worst of the fire danger is now past (present tense) ... the worst of the fire danger has now passed (past tense).
- pastime
what you do to pass the time
- pedal
a bicycle, (peddle is what a pedlar) does, unless he's a drug peddler
- peek, peak
a peek is what you take when you want to see something, and a peak is the top of a mountain
- pejorative
deprecatory ... nothing to do with perjury
- per se
by or in itself; intrinsically (Macquarie). It's Latin, and sometimes appears in Radio National transcripts as 'per say', which is wrong.
- percentages
per cent, not percent
- perennial
- periodicals
titles should appear in italics
See: italics- permissible
- Perspex
trademark, so capitalise
- Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts (PICA)
Arts is plural. But Australian Centre for Contemporary Art (ACCA) Art is singular
- phase
refers to a period of time ... faze means worry, as in 'nothing fazed her'.
- PhD
- phenomenon (singular) phenomena (plural)
- Philip, Phillip or Philippe
it's Philip Glass, Phillip Adams and, if he's French, Philippe
- Philippines, Philippine islands, Philippine president, Philippines government
inhabitants are Filipino (m), Filipina (f), Filipinos (m + f)
- Philippoussis, Mark
- Phnom Penh
- phosphorus (noun), phosphorous (adjective)
- pin number
now normally used to avoid ambiguity, not PIN alone (even though PIN stands for personal identification number and 'number' is inherent)
- Pitjantjatjara
major Aboriginal language group
- Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- placenames
- plain English
for example, we prefer begin or start to the rather pompous commence; buy to the equally pompous purchase.
- plain English please
This clunker was found on our site:
'The South Australian government has asked consumers to try to find alternatives to turning on their air conditioners, fearing more power outages due to heavy demand.'
Not only is it hard to read because of all the spiky phrases like 'to try to' and 'due to', but it's full of unnecessary words. A simple rewrite makes it shorter, smoother to read, easier to understand, and less pompous.
The South Australian government has asked people to ease off on their air conditioners in case heavy demand leads to more power outages.
- plaster of paris
no caps for paris
- Plasticine
trademark, so capitalise
- plateau (singular), plateaus (plural)
not plateaux
- play-off (noun), play off (verb)
- plays and other live performances
titles are displayed in italics
See: italics- playwright, playwriting
a playwright practises the art of playwriting. therefore it's playwriting prize, not 'playwrighting prize'.
- plural possessive
Perth Writers' Festival, not Writer's. There are a number of writers involved, not just one. And the Greens' policy, not Green's. The Greens is a political party with a number of Greens in it, not just the one.
- poems
titles of long poems should appear in italics, titles of short poems in single quotes ... The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and 'The Tiger' by William Blake. Titles of poetry collections in book or pamphlet form are italicised.
See: italics- pollie
politician
- Pope Benedict XVI
- poppadom
- pork barrel, pork barrelled, pork barrelling
- Port Hedland
town in the Pilbara Region of Western Australia
- portico, porticos
- poser
artist's model or puzzle ... poseur is a striker of false attitudes
- possession
- possessive apostrophe
as in Tom's meaning belinging to Tom. There is no possessive apostrophe in the following possessive pronouns:
its (belonging to it), hers (belonging to her), his (belonging to him), theirs (belonging to them) and so on...- Post-it
trademark, so capitalise
- post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS) or disorder (PTSD)
- postmodern, postmodernism
- postwar
- potato, potatoes
- PowerPoint
the presentation software
- POWs
not POW's for the plural please
- practice (noun)
doctor's practice ... lawyer's practice ... violin practice ... don't make a practice of it ... he saw it could work in theory, but would it work in practice?
- practise (verb)
they practise law ... that scam is widely practised ... why don't you practise more ... he was practised at storytelling
- pre-Raphaelite
- premier
foremost, or political leader ... a first performance is premiere
- preposition
ending a sentence with a preposition is fine: something to aim for ... a great place to walk to.
- prepositions: of
awareness of (not awareness about), knowledge of (not knowledge about), understanding of (not understanding about). Scourge of the countryside (not for the countryside). It does matter which preposition you choose. Check the dictionary if you're not sure.
- prerogative
- prescribe, proscribe
prescribe is to lay down as a rule to be followed (Macquarie) ... proscribe is to forbid, denounce or condemn. So '...development can only take place under certain proscribed circumstances...' doesn't make sense.
- president
When referring to presidential office, as in 'the current president is George W Bush' then it's lower case. When the word is used as a title as in 'President Bush left the White House', then capitalise.
- pressured
to be under pressure ... pressurised might refer to the atmosphere inside a plane
- prevaricate
speech) procrastinate (action)
- preventive
not preventative (preventive medicine, not preventative medicine)
- prewar
- pricey
- prime minister
Kevin Rudd is the prime minister of Australia. Gordon Brown is England's prime minister. We don't say 'Prime Minister Rudd' as we might say 'President Bush', so there's no reason for capitalisation of the term.
- principal, principle
Principal Skinner's overbearing mother is the principal reason he's still single. Principle means a fundamental truth or law, or the basis of something. In principle means regarding fundamentals but not necessarily in detail. On principle means based on some moral stance.
- prize-winning
Nobel prize-winning, Pulitzer prize-winning, etc
- prizes
Pulitzer prize, Nobel prize, Man Booker prize, etc
- procedure
- proceed, proceeded, proceeding
but precede, preceded, preceding
- procrastinate
(action) prevaricate (speech)
- prodigal
means extravagant or wasteful, not a returned wanderer, except in the Bible.
- progeny
is plural
- program
not programme
- prophecy (noun)
- prophecy (noun)
- prophesy (verb)
- prosecute
you can prosecute a person in the sense of instituting legal proceedings against them, or you can prosecute an inquiry in the sense of carrying it out. But this use of the word is wrong:
Belarus is ... a place where freedom of expression is severely limited, and regularly prosecuted.
Freedom of expression itself cannot be prosecuted, only the people who advocate it. The sentence should read: Belarus is ... a place where freedom of expression is severely limited and its advocates regularly prosecuted.
- prostate cancer
not prostrate
- prosthesis, prostheses
- protagonist
chief player (in drama or novel). Does not mean participant
- protest
in Australia we still say 'protest against' something when we mean, for instance, truckies protesting against fuel price rises. If we use the word on its own, we mean to claim something, for instance, to protest one's innocence.
- protester
not protestor
- prove, proved, proven
This whole affair has proved to be a disaster, and that's a proven fact
- Ps and Qs
no apostrophes when in caps
- publicity blurb
avoid recycling publicists' puff words (acclaimed, accomplished, amazing, fantastic, renowned, standout, leading). ABC Editorial Policies state: 'Care should be taken in the choice of words used to describe commercial organisations and people. Qualifying descriptors should be restricted to factual elements...'
- pudding
the proof of the pudding is in the eating (not 'the proof is in the pudding')
- pursue, pursuit
- Pyrex
trademark, so capitalise
- pyrrhic victory
won with heavy losses
- p’s and q’s
do need apostrophes if in lower case, but not if in caps (Ps and Qs)